Covid-19 y cuidados intensivos en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Globally, we are experiencing the pandemic of COVID-19, a virus that appeared according to WHO (2020) on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 is the cause of causing multisystemic diseases, becoming a challenge for health systems with the increasing demand of infected critical patients, it is from the family of β-coronaviruses and have the ability to create new variants generating a serious public health problem. Methodology: A descriptive bibliographic review of digital documents to address the topic COVID-19 and intensive care in Latin America, the material consulted was between 2017-2021; a total of 4,333 were registered, of which 3. 577 were excluded, finally selecting 53 documents that provided answers to the research questions. Results: Admissions to the intensive care area of patients with COVID-19 had a prevalence between 2.16% and 78%, the factors associated with higher prevalence were: sex with 93.5% male, age between 45-91 years, arterial hypertension 66.7%, diabetes mellitus 44%, obesity 48%, renal failure 22.2%, heart disease 55.6% and smoking 44%. The consequences were bacterial confection 69.2%, respiratory distress syndrome 20%, renal failure 15%, septic shock 15%, acute myocardial infarction 10%, multiorgan dysfunction 10%, bacterial pneumonia 10%, gastrointestinal bleeding 5%. A therapeutic approach was directed to treat the patient's symptomatology with COVID-19. Conclusions: The role of nursing in the management of a patient with COVID-19, includes hemodynamic monitoring and control, patient hygiene and comfort, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, nutrition, and rehabilitation