Barreras de acceso a la vacuna contra el virus de papiloma humano y su impacto en la incidencia de cáncer cérvicouterino en Latinoamérica, revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading reasons of women's death caused by cancer. It is associated with transmitting high-risk phenotypes of the human papillomavirus, so public health policies in Latin America have focused on its prevention through vaccination against the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV). Vaccination marks the beginning of the projection to reduce cervical cancer rates in women, but barriers still limit access to these vaccines. Objective: To identify barriers to access to HPV and their impact on cervical cancer incidence in Latin America. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method to guarantee the scientific accuracy of the search. Results: Seventeen publications indexed in scientific journals published between 2018 - 2023 in the context of Latin America were systematized. The research was complemented (with attention to the prevalence of HPV and CC) with various investigations that provide statistical data on the focused diseases in the study. Conclusions: Vaccination schedules are limited by several factors, mainly associated with low socioeconomic levels, beliefs about their efficacy, and fear of discussing sexuality in adolescents. The average vaccination ages range between 9 and 14 years of age, and the countries in Latin America that show higher coverage rates have linked the obligation of vaccination to access the educational system.