Cuidados de pacientes con amputación de miembros inferiores adaptados a la Teoria de Callista Roy

Abstract

An amputation is the surgical removal of a lower limb’s dead tissue, partially or entirely. These surgeries always focus on the patient's functionality when there is no other option, and there is a vital compromise. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review, in which online documents were consulted to address the topic, nursing care for lower limb amputations, made in 2017-2022, from which 50 documents were selected for the corresponding analysis. Results: The prevalence of patients with lower limb amputations worldwide varies between 35.6% for above-knee amputations, 23% for below-knee amputations, and 17.2% for digital amputations. Vascular pathologies 35.3%, diabetes mellitus 75%, hypertension 57.15%, accidents 24.1%, wounds 9.52%, fractures 36%, and other causes 31.15% caused lower limb amputations. Possible complications were sepsis, acute anemia, myocardial infarction, bronchopneumonia, osteoarthritis, phantom pain, chronic neuropathic pain, stump shortening, pulmonary thromboembolism, disparity, and death. During the adaptation process, difficulties experienced by people with prostheses during walking were noted. Of those patients who left their homes, 82.8% walked in a straight line, 9% had to turn corners, and 3.8% ran into steps or ramps. Nursing care was preventive, post-surgical, rehabilitation, emotional counseling, and patient and family education. Conclusions: Patient care for lower limb amputees includes hemodynamic monitoring and control, hygiene, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, and patient rehabilitation.