Factores de riesgo que influyen al desarrollo de preeclampsia en adolescentes gestantes

Abstract

Preeclampsia represents one of the most severe complications of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Pregnant adolescents are particularly at risk of developing this condition. Considering this reality, the risk factors for the development of preeclampsia in this demographic group need to be thoroughly analyze. Within this context, a systematic review of twenty-five scientific articles was conducted using a descriptive research methodology, focused on evaluating the current evidence and understanding better the implications of preeclampsia for maternal and infant health. The analysis revealed that maternal age younger than 16 years, nulliparity, a high pre-pregnancy body mass index, tobacco, and other substance use, as well as the presence of pre-existing medical conditions, are significantly associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia in adolescents. These findings underscore the necessity of adopting a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia, including health education measures in reproductive health and ensuring equitable access to quality prenatal care services. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge, providing valuable insights for improving health outcomes for adolescent mothers and their babies.