Alteraciones en el deseo sexual en pacientes adultos con cáncer de próstata.

Abstract

Introduction. The contemporary approach to prostate cancer requires moving beyond the traditional biomedical focus centered exclusively on survival rates and biochemical control of prostate-specific antigen, recognizing that oncological treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and androgen deprivation therapy trigger profound and interconnected consequences in the psychological, relational, and social spheres of the individual. A drastic decrease in sexual desire and impaired erectile function are not merely tolerable side effects but powerful drivers of suffering that precipitate identity crises, anxiety, cognitive rumination, and reactive depression by directly undermining the pillars of traditional masculinity and self-esteem. Objective. To analyze changes in sexual desire in adult patients with prostate cancer through a descriptive qualitative literature review of studies published between 2021 and 2026. Methodology. A descriptive qualitative literature review was conducted of studies published between 2021 and 2026, considering evidence synthesis, therapeutic modalities, and associated biopsychosocial and relational factors. Results. Treatments for prostate cancer were associated with a significant decrease in sexual desire, particularly androgen deprivation therapy and combination therapies. In addition, biopsychosocial consequences affecting patients’ quality of life were identified. Conclusion. Evidence showed that the sexual side effects of prostate cancer treatment significantly affect self-esteem and peer relationships, requiring an interdisciplinary approach that includes psychological well-being and psychosexual well-being.