Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en personas de las parroquias de San Francisco y Aurelio Bayas del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - enero 2025

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent chronic disease that causes serious complications and significantly affects public health, especially in regions such as Latin America. In fact, many cases go undiagnosed for a long time. Objective: To establish the risk of T2DM in the adult population aged 20 to 64 years according to the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK) questionnaire in the parishes of San Francisco and Aurelio Bayas in the canton of Azogues, Cañar, Ecuador, during the period October 2024 to January 2025. Methodology: An observational, quantitative, cross-sectional study with a descriptive approach was conducted among 347 randomly selected individuals aged 20 to 64 years. The FINDRISK questionnaire was administered, informed consent was obtained, and the Ethics Committee (CEISH) granted approval. Results: The study found that most participants were young adults and women. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity (71.2%) and low physical activity (53.6%) was observed, and 22.5% of participants had hypertension. Associations were found between the risk of developing T2DM and factors such as age, family history, hypertension, physical activity, and BMI (p < 0.05). As age increased, the risk score also increased, and ANOVA confirmed significant differences in risk by age group. Conclusions: These findings reflect the urgent need to implement primary prevention strategies and promote healthy lifestyles, as well as to continue evaluating this population through follow-up and similar studies in other communities in the country. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, prevalence, health promotion, Ecuador