Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y calidad de vida en el adolescente. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Globally, adolescents rank first in incident and prevalent cases of eating disorders, which are alterations related to food intake and associated with cognitive distortions; these disorders have become established as a public health concern due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. This review aims to analyze eating disorders and quality of life in adolescents. Methods: Inclusion criteria included the time frame between 2019 and 2023, age group (adolescents), and open-access articles in Spanish and English that covered the topics established in the objectives; articles not meeting these criteria were excluded. The information search was conducted in the following databases: Redalyc, PubMed, MAG Online Library, SciELO, Dialnet, and ScienceDirect, as well as the website ResearchGate. A flowchart and a table with the parameters used were employed to summarize the results. Results: After filtering and analyzing each article found, thirty studies were included based on inclusion-exclusion criteria, information relevance, language, and year of publication, through a detailed analysis and a data presentation table. Discussion: The evidence supported by the studies shows that the main eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and binge eating, which occur mainly in adolescent females, and it was confirmed that these are directly related to a deterioration in quality of life. Multidisciplinary cognitive-behavioral therapy was considered to produce positive outcomes. Keywords: adolescents, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, quality of life