Manifestaciones de la conducta suicida en adultos jóvenes con trastorno límite de la personalidad.

Abstract

Introduction: Suicidal behavior in young adults with borderline personality disorder (BPD) constitutes a serious clinical problem due to the recurrence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury. Objective: To describe its primary manifestations and identify the emotional and behavioral traits of BPD associated with risk. Methodology: A narrative, qualitative, and non-experimental literature review was conducted on studies published between 2020 and 2026, located in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE using MeSH/DeCS descriptors and Boolean operators. Methodological quality was evaluated using a qualitative matrix that considered design, sample, instruments, analytical consistency, and limitations. Results: Suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury were identified as the primary manifestations. The combined evidence reported approximate prevalence rates of 80% for ideation, 52% for attempts, and 6% for death by suicide among individuals with BPD. Suicidal ideation showed short-term fluctuations, and the persistence of self-injury was associated with increased suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. Prominent risk factors included emotional dysregulation, negative urgency, hopelessness, shame, anger, and perceived burdensomeness; conversely, family satisfaction, self-compassion, and early access to treatment were associated with favorable outcomes. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior in BPD is multidimensional and dynamic. Clinical assessment must clearly differentiate between suicidal ideation, attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury, account for temporal variations, and integrate emotional, impulsive, interpersonal, and family factors to guide prevention, early intervention, and follow-up.