Neumotorax espontaneo primario: diagnostico y tratamiento en adultos jóvenes

Abstract

Background: Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural space. There are two types: one type is known as primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), which is defined as pneumothorax without any underlying condition. Populations at risk for PSP include young, thin, male patients, and smokers (especially cannabis smokers), often occurring in individuals at rest, not during strenuous exercise. Objective: To characterize primary spontaneous pneumothorax according to diagnosis and treatment in young adults. Methodology: A literature review of 35 scientific articles published in English and Spanish journals in the last five years. Searches were performed in scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Scopus. Results: The predominant symptoms were chest pain and dyspnea; the most relevant diagnostic imaging test was CT. The most important risk factor was tobacco use. Treatment will be subject to change according to the physician in charge of treatment management. Minimally invasive VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy Surgery) can be used mainly in patients with prolonged air leaks and expansion defects. Conclusions: It was found that the primary symptomatology is chest pain and dyspnea; the diagnosis should be made by imaging studies such as CT. The main risk factor is smoking, and the treatments to be used depend on the complexity of the PSP, the patient's characteristics, and medical criteria.