Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la Nefropatía diabética

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is a renal pathology with worldwide incidence. This complication of diabetes affects the renal filtration system and can lead to renal failure, a stage where the only effective therapy is transplantation or dialysis. There is a higher risk of mortality for Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Diabetes Mellitus Type II when diabetic nephropathy is present; therefore, it is crucial to intensify the search for management and prevention strategies to reduce the likelihood of kidney disease. Objective: To review current scientific literature on diagnosing and treating diabetic nephropathy. Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive literature review of non-experimental documentary design was conducted. The database comprised 50 articles, of which 24 were excluded, (three were repeated papers, one paid, 20 did not meet the established timeframe for publication) and 26 were included. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy begins with the control of clinical parameters of diabetes, along with laboratory and imaging tests such as microalbuminuria, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, and ultrasound, as well as other highly sensitive markers like cystatin. For advanced diabetic nephropathy, renal biopsy is also used for disease staging. Treatment involves lifestyle, hygienic dietary measures, and pharmacological interventions to reduce hyperglycemia and hypertension, using sodium-glucose cotransporter and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors to provide excellent cardiorenal protection.