Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo II en adultos de las parroquias Borrero y Cojitambo del cantón Azogues según el cuestionario Findrisk, periodo octubre 2024 - marzo 2025

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a public health problem. Rural populations are more vulnerable. Objective: To determine the level of risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults aged 20 to 64 years from the Borrero and Cojitambo parishes of the canton of Azogues through the application of the FINDRISK questionnaire during October 2024–March 2025. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 357 adults selected through stratified probability sampling (143 from Cojitambo; 214 from Borrero). The validated FINDRISK questionnaire was administered, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Statistical analysis was descriptive and bivariate, using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age was 41.8 years (95% CI: 40.3–43.3). A high or very high risk of developing diabetes was found in 21.0% of participants in Cojitambo and 26.2% in Borrero. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 77.9%. Significant differences between parishes were observed in sedentary behavior (49.7% vs. 62.6%; p = 0.015), inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (21.7% vs. 39.7%; p < 0.001), hypertension (19.6% vs. 35.0%; p = 0.002), and a history of hyperglycemia (35.0% vs. 46.7%; p = 0.027). Conclusions: There is a prevalence of risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in both parishes, with a predominance of modifiable factors. Preventive interventions focused on promoting physical activity and improving dietary patterns are required. These findings support the need to strengthen rural primary care. Keywords: adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, FINDRISK, primary prevention.