Asociación entre los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos y las complicaciones mediadas por la placenta en mujeres en edad fértil

Abstract

Introduction: Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects young women and can cause miscarriages and frequent formation of blood clots in arteries and veins, can cause damage to several organs, and lead to heart attacks and strokes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of APS, as well as more effective treatments to prevent and treat this potentially fatal disease. Objective: To study updates in labor analgesia through a literature review. Methodology: Narrative literature review encompassing studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, and bibliographic reviews reporting the association between APS and placenta-mediated complications in pregnant women from 2018 to 2023 in English and Spanish. Results: Thirteen articles were selected, and it was found that antibodies associated with preeclampsia included anti-lupus, anticardiolipin, and anti-β2GP1. For early fetal losses, anti-lupus and anticardiolipin antibodies may be linked. The presence of anti-lupus antibodies is related to late fetal losses beyond 20 weeks of gestation. Insufficiency of the placenta is correlated with anti-lupus and anti-β2GP1 antibodies, while placental abruption is tied with anti-lupus and anti-β2GP1 (Anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1), IgG (Immunoglobulin G) and IgM (Immunoglobulin M) antibodies. Conclusions: There is an association between antiphospholipid antibodies and placental- mediated complications.