Infecciones oportunistas que afectan a pacientes con trasplante de órganos. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Opportunistic infections are conditions that cause complications in transplant patients, potentially leading to organ rejection or death. This systematic review aimed to analyze the infections most frequently affecting transplant patients and their treatment and prophylaxis. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive systematic review with a non-experimental design was focused on medical documents in English and Spanish from 2017 to 2024 in scientific databases such as PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Dialnet, Elsevier, Medline, and Scopus. Literature reviews and scientific articles not corresponding to the years mentioned, those not in English or Spanish, and those on topics of no significant relevance were excluded. The information was organized using the Zotero reference manager and an Excel table. Results: The initial search resulted in 4,331 records in PubMed, 3,038 in Taylor & Francis, 2,194 in Web of Science, and 1,637 in SCOPUS, totaling 11,200 documents. After applying filters, 28 relevant articles were selected, ranging from Q1 to Q2, and rated as excellent according to the Pedro scale. Discussion: Based on the 28 reviewed articles, 26 authors discussed the primary transplants affected: liver, lung, heart, kidney, pancreas, and intestine, and all of them agreed on the microorganisms impacting each organ and the treatment and prophylaxis methods. Keywords: opportunistic infections, transplant, post-transplant, treatment, prophylaxis