Eficacia de la terapia cognitiva conductual en desórdenes de la conducta alimentaria.

Abstract

Introduction. Eating disorders are severe conditions associated with behavioral changes ranging from uncontrolled eating to insufficient food intake accompanied by distorted body image. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in treating eating disorders. Methodology: This study was conducted as a literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines through three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, resulting in 14 articles Results: The conceptual review determined that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the most effective treatment for treating eating disorders and, through its integration, is rising as a critical interdisciplinary intervention to reduce improper behavior and psychopathology associated with these conditions. According to the review, an improvement was evidenced in symptoms of generalized anxiety by 64%, social anxiety by 58%, and binge eating and purging by 47%. Patients need to maintain healthy eating habits and dietary parameters; however, other treatments are included, as many therapies can also work with CBT to achieve better results. Conclusion: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for eating behavior disorders reflects a significant level of effectiveness because, through this tool, there is a crucial evolution in the acquisition of positive and accurate thoughts, values, and behaviors for the patient.