Relación del estrés con la inmunosupresión en Adultos. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

The biological foundations of stress represent a broad subject of study currently under continuous investigation. For this reason, psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology emerged as an interdisciplinary field dedicated mainly to investigating psychological stress's systemic impact. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the physiological bases of stress and its relationship with immunosuppression in adults to understand the joint interaction of the psychological area and the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Methodology: A search and analysis of scientific literature published in the last five years, in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases was performed, selecting original articles, case studies, and empirical research. Results: During an emotional stress stimulus, significant biochemical changes occur in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system, manifested through systemic biomarkers. Chronic stress generates a pathological response in these systems due to an alteration in the response threshold, known as allostasis. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that stress stimuli trigger psychological, neurological, endocrine, and immunological responses, which continue to be subjects of extensive study and investigation due to their complexity. Immunosuppression is directly related to chronic stress stimulus due to the various biomarkers produced.

Keywords: psychological stress, immunosuppression (physiology), psychoneuroimmunology, allostasis