Detección temprana de cáncer gástrico utilizando nuevas técnicas endoscópicas. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC)is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rates worldwide, so early detection is crucial to improve survival rates, which can reach 70% if the cancer is detected when it is still limited to the superficial layers of the stomach. Endoscopy plays a vital role in the early identification of gastric lesions, enabling direct visualization of the stomach lining and detecting abnormalities before the cancer progresses. This tool has effectively reduced mortality risk by enabling timely, less invasive interventions. This systematic review evaluates advances in endoscopic techniques, focusing on innovations that enhance early GC detection and improve patient outcomes. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 that reported new endoscopic techniques for early GC detection were included for analysis using the PubMed and Scopus databases. Forty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed in full text. This systematic review describes the most recent advances in white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, confocal endomicroscopy, and serological biomarkers. In conclusion, these innovative techniques, together with advanced technologies, improve the quality of the results and, when combined with artificial intelligence, facilitate real-time histopathological analysis, obtaining a more accurate characterization of early-stage GC tumors. Keywords: Gastric cancer, endoscopy, diagnostics, innovation