Modificación de la microbiota intestinal como tratamiento de la obesidad

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity, a complex multifactorial pandemic, has significantly increased in prevalence in recent years. This review explores the relationship between gut microbiota and obesity, highlighting its impact on the pathophysiology of this condition and on therapeutic strategies based on microbial modulation. This literature review identifies a significant association between intestinal dysbiosis and obesity. Obese individuals have a higher proportion of Firmicutes compared to Bacteroidetes, suggesting a greater capacity to extract and store energy from the diet. Therapeutic interventions for obesity, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplants (FMT), show significant potential for modulating the gut microbiota. This study aims to enhance healthcare professionals’ understanding to improve obesity treatment. Conclusions: Microbiota modulation offers a promising approach to treating obesity. Restoring microbial balance can mitigate the adverse effects of dysbiosis, improving metabolic health and reducing obesity-related inflammation. However, further studies are required to optimize these therapeutic strategies and assess their long-term outcomes.