Riesgo cardiovascular asociado a trastornos alimentarios en niños y adolescentes

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a group of chronic non-communicable diseases and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although they are pathologies typical of the adult population, over the years they have become more common in children and adolescents. Currently, nutritional problems have been considered a cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) associated with various comorbidities. General Objective: To describe the cardiovascular risk associated with eating disorders in children and adolescents. Methodology: Descriptive study with narrative literature review. Original articles related to the objective and published in journals indexed in PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, ProQuest, and Cochrane Plus, among others, were reviewed. Various Boolean operators were used to search and debug the databases. Results: This review shows that functional and structural cardiovascular complications in young patients with any type of eating disorder (ED), echocardiographic and electrocardiographic assessment in patients with ED allow timely diagnosis of cardiovascular complications, which is an important factor for the onset of CVD at an early age with repercussions in adulthood. Conclusions: Recent evidence suggests that the presence of ED in children and adolescents is associated with cardiovascular findings and is a predictor of morbimortality in adulthood; this was limited by the number of studies available, although the mortality rate in children under 20 years of age due to CVD associated with ED is low; it is suggested that longer-term studies be conducted to gather more evidence on cardiovascular mortality in children and adolescents with ED.