Enfermería en la atención a personas con Parkinson en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a pathology that degenerates dopaminergic neurons, reducing gait speed, functional capacity, balance, and increases the risks of falling in patients. Methodology: A literature review of scientific papers, in the following databases: Scopus, Proquest, Web of Science, Scielo, Redalyc, Medigraphic, Researchgate, Google Books, published between 2016-2021; 62 papers that met the inclusion criteria were utilized for the development of this article. Results: The prevalence is higher in Brazil, being a disease that progresses with the progress of the years; there are risk factors, such as age, gender, exposure to toxins, and protective factors such as surgical, exercises, medications, and exposure to certain substances. Regarding prevention, information related to secondary prevention was obtained being pharmacological, genetic, and complementary; the therapeutic approach includes surgical, pharmacological, natural, and alternative medicine processes. Finally, nursing care is based on health education to avoid risks and restore the lifestyle. Conclusion: This research showed that Brazil is the Latin American country with the highest prevalence of PD, there are also protective and risk factors that influence the progression of the pathology, according to prevention there are more alternatives of secondary type, concerning the therapeutic approach varies according to the need of the user; finally, the nursing staff plays an important role in improving the lifestyle and well-being of the family and the user. Keywords: Parkinson's Disease, Care, Nursing, Latin America.