Intervención de enfermería en los riesgos obstétricos en mujeres gestantes en América Latina

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric risk factors have high maternal mortality worldwide, consequently, health organizations seek solutions that allow them early action. Objective: To conduct literature research on nursing interventions on obstetric risks in pregnant women in Latin America. Methodology: It is a literature review, where 53 scientific documents were analyzed, 4 of which correspond to a literature review, 41 field studies. Furthermore, 8 control guides implemented by the Ministry of Public Health of Latin American countries were incorporated. Results and Discussion: It was identified that the countries with the highest prevalence of obstetric risks with hypertensive disorders and postpartum hemorrhage were Mexico, Cuba, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, and Peru. In Mexico and Peru, there were cases of gestational depression. These complications occurred in women older than 35 years, in addition to the lack of prenatal check-ups and the difficult access to health centers. The use of clinical guidelines is utilized by health personnel, especially nurses, but not all of them are updated, so certain nursing care is based on their diagnosis of the standardized language NANDA-NIC-NOC. Conclusions: The main cause of obstetric risk factors is caused by maternal age, because most women older than 35 years are those who manifest greater complications, nursing interventions are based on primary care, so their knowledge should be updated and should be focused on women living in rural areas. KEYWORDS: obstetrics, nursing, maternal mortality, protocols, latin america.