Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con úlceras por presíon

Abstract

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are caused by tension between two solid planes, decreasing blood supply and nutrients to the compromised area. This condition may occur due to the patient's health conditions or during the hospital stay. Objective: To conduct bibliographic research on nursing interventions in patients with pressure ulcers. Methodology: A narrative-type bibliographic review was conducted using scientific articles of high academic impact consulted in scientific databases and search engines such as ResearchGate, Latin Index, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, among others; using the DeCS in Spanish and English. For analysis, 50 articles were selected, of which 46 answered the research questions. Results: PUs prevalence varies according to the country or region; in the world scenario, there is a lack of homogeneity in the occurrence of PUs. Associated factors can be extrinsic and intrinsic. The therapeutic approach begins with prevention strategies such as using assessment scales and postural changes. Complications can produce soft tissue infections, sepsis, and pain, among others. The role of nursing is based on prevention to reduce pressure ulcer complications through nursing interventions that provide effective recovery. Conclusion: Pressure ulcers are preventable in most cases. Nurses play an essential role in applying risk assessment scales. When the injury exists, they should focus on wound healing to avoid complications.