Malnutrición en el personal de salud a nivel de Latinoamérica

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is an imbalance between the nutrients the body needs and those it receives, encompassing both overconsumption, the intake of an excessive number of calories, and the deficiency of one or more essential nutrients for the proper functioning of the human body. Objective: To analyze malnutrition in healthcare personnel at the Latin American level. Methodology: A literature review of scientific articles on malnutrition in healthcare personnel was conducted using databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, SciELO, Web of Science, and Redalyc, published between 2018 and 2023. Results: A prevalence of malnutrition ranging from 55% to 83% was found among healthcare personnel, with associated factors including lack of time, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of physical activity. It led to complications such as gastrointestinal disorders, behavioral changes, and high-stress levels, attributed to dietary habits such as the consumption of fast food, snacks, and sugary beverages, and a shift in standard eating patterns. Healthy practices such as adopting a more nutritious diet, engaging in physical exercise, and prioritizing rest were recommended to reduce malnutrition. Conclusion: Malnutrition in healthcare personnel impacts their physical and emotional well-being and professional performance. Consequently, short-term identification and treatment plans for cases of malnutrition among healthcare professionals in Latin America should be established.

Keywords: Malnutrition, prevalence, associated factors, complications, dietary habits, healthy practices, healthcare personnel.