Infección de tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas a nivel de Latino América

Abstract

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is considered one of the most common pathologies during pregnancy in Latin America. It is defined as a process of infection caused by the proliferation of bacteria in any part of the urinary system, generally diagnosed through bacterial count (>100,000 colony forming units (CFU)/ml in a urine culture. Objective: To develop a litearature review of urinary tract infection in pregnant women in Latin America; to know the prevalence, risk factors, main complications, treatment, and nursing care to prevent UTI during pregnancy. Methodology: A structured research of articles and documents found in institutional pages of the health area as well as databases, such as Scopus, Springer, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, Pubmed, Medigraphic, Redalyc, and Scielo focused on the proposed topic was performed. Results: After conducting this study, the following results were obtained: the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of UTI during pregnancy were Mexico, Cuba, and Ecuador, as opposed to Paraguay, which is the country with the fewest cases; multiparity was observed as the main risk factor and pyelonephritis as the most serious pathology, which can cause both maternal and fetal death. Conclusion: UTIs in pregnancy are a worldwide problem not only because of the maternal and fetal complications they can cause but also because of the high economic cost of treatment, therefore, early detection and education by health personnel are key prevention options. Keywords: Infection, Urinary System, Pregnancy, complications, Latin America, Nursing.