Comparación de polimorfismos genéticos e interferón tipo 1 en la predicción de susceptibilidad del lupus eritematoso sistémico: Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiple clinical manifestations, which makes early diagnosis difficult. These delays can adversely affect patients' quality of life and pose an additional problem for the healthcare system. Currently, the roles of genetic polymorphisms and type I interferon are being investigated as possible biomarkers to assess predisposition to systemic lupus erythematosus and facilitate earlier and more personalized diagnoses. Objective: To compare the utility of genetic polymorphisms and type I interferon levels as predictors of susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, based on available scientific evidence. Methodology: A systematic review will be carried out using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Taylor & Francis. Original studies, performed in humans, published in English or Spanish between 2019 and 2024, will be considered. Narrative reviews, letters to the editor, and analyses with significant methodological limitations or small samples will be excluded. Results: Genetic polymorphisms and variations in type I interferon levels are expected to be important markers for the early detection of SLE and may be useful in personalized healthcare settings. Discussion: Variations such as rs2205960 (TNFSF4), as well as changes in genes such as FOXP3 and IFIH1, have been linked to an increased risk of SLE. However, genetic diversity among populations highlights the need to validate these findings in different population contexts.