Factores asociados al deterioro cognitivo y demencia en adultos mayores. Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Implicaciones actualizadas.

Abstract

Introduction: In the 17th century, cognitive impairment (CI) was defined as a dysfunction at the central nervous system (CNS) level. Approximately ten million new cases were reported annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that by 2030 there will be 75.6 million patients with dementia. Objective: To investigate the scientific evidence level on the factors associated with CD and dementia, diagnosis, and treatment in older adults through a bibliographic review. Methodology: The research design was based on a non-experimental, descriptive and analytical study. Key words were used to locate the articles, filtering by years, scientific search engines, and Boolean connectors. The PRISMA flow chart organized the information. Leves of evidence "1a, 1b, 1c or 2a" were employed according to the scale proposed by the "Sackett". Likewise, these belonged to journals ranked Q1, Q2 or Q3. Results and Conclusions: The factor most likely influenced was the schooling level 84%, followed by age 75%. The tool to identify CD was the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80% p:0.003, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of Tau protein and b-amyloid in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Treatment is based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 70% p:0.002, all the above with grade of recommendation A and level of evidence 1a.