Uso de mini implantes para la intrusión molar como tratamiento de mordida abierta anterior. Revisión de literatura

Abstract

An anterior open bite is a vertical malocclusion characterized by the absence of contact or vertical overlap between the upper and lower incisors, which affects aesthetics, phonation, and masticatory function. Its etiology is multifactorial, ranging from hereditary factors to harmful oral habits. Traditionally, these cases required orthognathic surgery, but the use of mini-implants offers a less invasive and more predictable anchorage option. Objective: To compile the scientific evidence on the use of mini-implants as a treatment for anterior open bite. Methodology: The literature review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar, with terms derived from MeSH and DeCS. The articles collected were from 2020 to 2025 and were in three languages: Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results: Twenty-three articles were selected that describe how molar intrusion using mini-implants allows ranges of movement of 0.5 to 3.8 mm with forces between 100 and 170 g, resulting in mandibular autorotation, a reduction in the FrankfortMandibular Plane Angle (FMA), and an improvement in facial profile. Conclusion: Molar intrusion using mini-implants is a satisfactory, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternative that optimizes biomechanical outcomes without relying on other factors, representing a significant therapeutic advance over surgical methods.