Efectividad de la posición decúbito prono en pacientes con síndrome distrés respiratorio agudo. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a clinical syndrome in which acute respiratory failure occurs due to a combination of pathophysiological changes involving a diffuse lung inflammation process. The prone position stands out among the various management and treatment options in the intensive care field because it promotes a more uniform distribution regarding oxygen-capillary exchange. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the prone position in patients with moderate to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Methodology: It is a narrative literature review study involving an analysis of scientifically relevant articles from digital databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus, and Elsevier, using the keywords “prone position in acute respiratory distress syndrome,” and “management of acute respiratory distress syndrome.” Results: The role of the prone position has been the subject of constant study over the last three decades. Its effectiveness depends on multiple variables that influence management, and it was found the following: the duration of daily sessions, use of low tidal volumes, the severity of ARDS, the timing of initiating the prone position, the training of medical personnel, and staff limitation. Conclusions: Most studies failed to find a statistically significant result on mortality in patients undergoing prone position therapy. However, a survival benefit is more plausible when several optimal variables are integrated.