Sepsis neonatal en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin that is associated with hemodynamic changes and other clinical manifestations, which cause morbidity and mortality in neonates. In Latin America, 190.000 children die within the first 28 days, 70% of these deaths can be due to preventable causes. In both Latin America and the Caribbean, there are considerable inequalities between countries and within countries, mortality rates can vary markedly between rural and urban populations. Objective: To conduct a literature review on neonatal sepsis at the Latin American level. Methodology: An exhaustive bibliographic review of digital documents was carried out in the following scientific databases: Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Medigraphic, Redalyc, PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Imbiomed; 51 scientific documents were used; of which 19 were used in the introduction and 32 that answered the research questions. Results: Regarding the incidence in Latin America, there are variations with a higher incidence (54.8%) in Haiti, followed by Mexico (54.5%) and Ecuador (44.3%). The Dominican Republic has the highest mortality rate with 43.3%; the most common germ that causes early and late-onset neonatal sepsis is Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rate of neonatal sepsis in Latin America persists with greater incidence although it has decreased worldwide in recent years. This is because in Latin America exist considerable inequalities between countries and gaps in social exclusion. Keywords: Neonatal sepsis, latin america, prevention, incidence, mortality.