Obesidad como factor de riesgo para desarrollar adenocarcinoma de endometrio

Abstract

Introduction: Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the gynecological malignancy that occurs most frequently in reproductive-age women. Unfortunately, its incidence has increased in recent decades. Several risk factors are associated with this disease, with obesity being highlighted as one of the most important. The present bibliographic review is relevant in the medical field due to the current high prevalence of EAC and obesity. Theoretical Framework: Scientific research shows a strong relationship between obesity and the risk of developing endometrial adenocarcinoma. Studies reveal that overweight women have a 2.4 times higher risk of developing EAC compared to those who have average weight, and this risk increases even more with morbid obesity, reaching an alarming 5.5 times higher risk. The underlying pathophysiology suggests that hyperinsulinism and chronic inflammation are associated with obesity and play a key role. These hormonal and metabolic alterations may promote the growth and proliferation of abnormal endometrial cells, significantly increasing the risk of developing adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Obesity is positioned as a fundamental risk factor in the development of EAC, which is why overweight or obese women should be aware of this and take measures to reduce their body weight by following a healthy diet and practicing regular exercise.