Efectividad del uso de páncreas artificial en comparación con la bomba de infusión de insulina tradicional para el control glucémico de pacientes pediátricos con Diabetes tipo 1: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Effectiveness of an artificial pancreas compared with traditional insulin infusion pumps for Glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 Diabetes: A systematic review. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial pancreas compared with traditional insulin infusion pumps for glycemic control in pediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes, through time-in-range analysis. Methodology: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. RCTs published in Spanish or English between 2015 and 2025 with open access and full text, comparing artificial pancreas (AP) systems with insulin infusion pumps in individuals under 20 years of age, were included. Publications before 2015, paid-access publications, incomplete texts, and publications in languages other than those mentioned above were excluded. Sources: The virtual and physical repository of the Catholic University of Cuenca and the databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. Risk of Bias: The evaluation was conducted using the Cochrane Review Manager 5.4.1 tool. Results: 16 articles corresponding to the RCTs that analyzed the impact of the therapy on 1,532 participants were included. The findings revealed that the AP increased time in range (TIR) by an average of 2.5–3 hours per day, reduced HbA1c levels and nocturnal hypoglycemia episodes without increasing ketoacidosis events. Conclusions: The artificial pancreas is more effective and safer than traditional insulin pumps for glycemic control in pediatric patients. Physicians should prioritize its use to optimize TIR and reduce caregiver burden. Keywords: insulin pumps, type 1 diabetes, artificial pancreas, pediatric