Relación de la vitamina D y protección cardiovascular

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D is associated with several benefits in the human body, including being a protective factor against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Numerous studies suggest a relationship between hypovitaminosis D (deficiency) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To describe the relationship between vitamin D and cardiovascular protection. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using various health-related databases, including PubMed, Springer Link, Elsevier, and ScienceDirect. Spanish and English keywords were used in the search, and articles were carefully analyzed to align with the defined objectives and content. Only articles published after 2018 and with complete content were included. Results: A total of forty-eight articles were reviewed, and fifteen of them directly addressed the specific objectives of this research. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D ranged from 11% to 96.36%. The most commonly used dosage was 400 IU/day. However, the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and increased CVD risk was not conclusively supported by the studies. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D varies among different sample groups, influenced by factors such as the presence of chronic diseases, age group, ethnicity, etc. The dosage of vitamin D also varies across samples, with lower doses administered over longer periods and higher doses given for shorter durations. The relationship between low vitamin D levels and CVD risk was not firmly established, as the findings did not provide strong evidence.