Predictores de riesgo asociados al asma en niños de 1 a 5 años

Abstract

Background: Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, affects individuals of all ages, with an exceptionally high prevalence in young children. Globally, over 262 million people have asthma, leading to 461,000 annual deaths, primarily in developing countries. In Latin America, 40 million have this condition, with high mortality in some countries. In childhood, prevalence is significant, reaching 24.3% in children under five years of age. In Ecuador, urban areas face rates of up to 28%, with a higher prevalence in males. Despite advances, better predictors and preventive approaches are still needed to address this problem in young children. Objective: In this context, this research aimed to identify risk predictors associated with asthma in children aged 1 to 5 years. Methods: A qualitative and descriptive approach was used through a systematic review, with meticulous search strategies in academic databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Redalyc, ScELO, PubMed (using MeSH), Science Direct, and Google Scholar, employing specific keywords in English and Spanish. Results: This research delves into understanding the risk predictors associated with asthma in children aged 1 to 5 years. Areas requiring further research, which will guide future studies, will be highlighted. Ultimately, these findings are expected to enhance prevention strategies and early treatment of asthma in young children, improving their quality of life. Keywords: Asthma in children, asthma risk factors, asthma triggers, childhood asthma