Crononutrición y salud metabólica en adolescentes y adultos. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Chrononutrition is an emerging field that investigates the relationship between diet and circadian biological rhythms, highlighting the importance of regular sleep and eating schedules based on individual chronotypes, as this study aims to understand the metabolic issues caused by such imbalances. Objective: To describe the relationship between chrononutrition and metabolic health in adolescents and adults. Methodology: A systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, including clinical trials, cross-sectional, observational, and cohort studies published in the last five years. A search equation was created using scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, and Science Direct. Bias was analyzed using RAYYAN and NHLBI, and results were synthesized in a contingency table. Results: Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria, including 11 controlled trials and four observational studies (cross-sectional and longitudinal), with a sample of 3,760 participants. The findings suggest that chrononutrition influences the development of metabolic or cardiac diseases associated with weight gain according to eating patterns and sleep duration. Conclusions: It was determined that chrononutrition directly impacts cardiometabolic health in adolescents and adults, as the biological clock is affected by sleep or eating schedules, which can lead to physiological imbalances. Further studies are needed to substantiate these findings. Keywords: adolescent, adult, chrononutrition, metabolism