Quemaduras en adultos a nivel mundial

Abstract

Burns are lesions affecting various layers of the skin or tissues, resulting from exposure to physical, chemical, or biological agents. Regardless of the severity, burns trigger systemic and local reactions and can even lead to death. Objective: To analyze burn cases in adults globally through a comprehensive review of existing literature. Methodology: A search of scientific literature was conducted across various databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Dialnet, SciELO, and the websites of Health Organizations. A total of 54 articles were utilized, with 22 contributing to the introduction and 32 to the results and discussion sections. Results: Global data indicates that nearly one million individuals have suffered from burns, irrespective of their severity. In Latin America, Cuba is the most affected nation, accounting for 64% of cases. This predominantly affects males aged between 41 and 60 years. Cultural, social, and economic factors play a significant role, regardless of the burn's severity. Complications encompass hypovolemia, hypothermia, and sepsis. Therapeutic approaches involve antibiotics, tilapia skin grafts, ointments, and fluid therapy. Nursing interventions include initial assessments, leading to a specific nursing diagnosis based on the patient's specific needs. Conclusion: The role of nursing professionals is indispensable. They must stay updated with theoretical knowledge and practical skills, thus educating individuals, families, and communities, which will ensure recovery and well-being through high-quality care. Key words: Adults, Burns, Complications, Risk factors, Nursing care.