Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con complicaciones post- Cesárea. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

A cesarean section is a surgical procedure involving the extraction of the fetus through an incision in the uterus. This intervention is recommended when vaginal delivery is not viable to safeguard the mother’s life. Various factors can lead to the decision to perform this procedure, including complications that may appear during the postoperative period, highlighting the importance of efficient and quality nursing care. Objective: To analyze nursing care in patients with post-cesarean complications. Method: A systematic review with a descriptive approach was conducted. Following the PRISMA methodology, scientific articles published in the last nine years were used, sourced from databases such as PubMed, Redalyc, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Dialnet, and books that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Key risk factors include age, marital status, educational level, preeclampsia, obesity, diabetes, and fetal aspects such as gestational age, macrosomia, and fetal distress. The most common complications are hemorrhage, infections, and pain. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, managing hemorrhages, administering medications, and providing emotional support to ensure adequate recovery. Conclusions: Cesarean sections have become a worldwide health issue due to their increasing frequency, caused by various maternal and fetal factors that can lead to complications, for instance, hemorrhage and infections; it underscores the critical role of nursing staff in this context.

Keywords: cesarean section, risk factors, post-cesarean complications, nursing care