Factores de riesgo de muerte súbita cardiaca en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young patients, which may manifest within one hour after the onset of symptoms or within 24 hours of an asymptomatic state. General objective: to investigate the risk factors for sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Specific objectives: to characterize HCM; to indicate the association between sex and age with SCD risk; and to identify factors that increase the risk of SCD. The research question is: What are the risk factors for sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? Methods: Information was searched in the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, including studies from the last five years, open and restricted access, full and partial texts, in English and Spanish, and involving adolescent and adult patients. Publications unrelated to HCM or SCD, and documents with no scientific relevance, were excluded. Results: Twenty-six scientific articles were analyzed, 81% of which belonged to Scopus, 13% to Web of Science, and 6% to PubMed. These were referenced by title, author, language, objectives, and study results. Discussion: HCM is characterized by an increase in the diameter of the left ventricle in the absence of underlying diseases. It is a frequent cause of SCD, which occurs more frequently in young people with risk factors identified through cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or relevant clinical history. Keywords: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sudden cardiac death, congenital heart disease, risk factors, early recognition