Cirugía oncoplástica en cáncer de mama. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer over time has been on the rise; however, advances in medical technology have led to the development of improved techniques aimed at enhancing patients' quality of life. Among these is oncoplastic surgery, which has had a significant impact on the field of medicine by allowing the removal of the tumor while preserving the breast. Objective: To analyze the role of oncoplastic surgery in the treatment of breast cancer through a systematic review of articles and studies published within the past five years. Methods: Relevant information was collected from original scientific articles, meta-analyses, observational studies, and gray literature, including undergraduate and postgraduate theses. Notable databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier were used. Through analyzing these sources, key data of interest were identified, which were subsequently used to establish the study's findings. Results: The principal advantages of this surgical technique were identified, as well as the main complications, highlighting the order of frequency of occurrence, and finally, the influence on the lifestyle of each patient in the physical, emotional, sexual, and other aspects. Conclusions: Oncoplastic surgery is one of the first and most accepted treatment options for breast cancer, since it has been determined that its reoperation rates are relatively low and its positive contribution to patients’ quality of life. Keywords: oncoplastic surgery, breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery