Eficacia de la terapia ocupacional y fisioterapia en pacientes con Parkinson: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by non-motor symptoms, which are the first to manifest. Initial treatment is pharmacological; however, the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that includes occupational therapy and physiotherapy to address motor impairments has been demonstrated. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of occupational therapy and physiotherapy in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methodology: The search was conducted using high-impact databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and the SciELO electronic library. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies included in the systematic review. Results: Nineteen scientific articles were included. The most commonly reported motor symptoms were muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and bradykinesia. It was also observed that physiotherapy offers better efficacy, as it yielded better results. Occupational therapy alone did not evidence improvement; as it must be performed in conjunction with physiotherapy to observe greater benefits. Conclusions: Significant benefits were evidenced with the use of physiotherapy, and it will depend on the adherence time of the program to develop different physical activities, favoring the reduction of stiffness, bradykinesia, improving the patient's balance and gait, and promoting independence and safety when performing daily activities. Keywords: physiotherapy, Parkinson’s condition, motor symptoms, occupational therapy