Intervenciones de enfermería en la malnutrición de los adultos mayores

Abstract

Introduction: Malnutrition is a pathological condition characterized by deficiencies or excess food intake, leading to a caloric or nutrient imbalance caused by poor eating habits. This condition results in the development of associated pathologies and complications that affect the patient’s physical health and functional ability. Nursing staff must intervene promptly to identify malnutrition and monitor and control the nutritional status of older adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in the older adult population and identify associated factors, therapeutic approaches, complications, and nursing interventions in their nutrition. Method: A literature review was carried out in scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis to gather evidence on several strategies and approaches in nutritional care for this vulnerable population. Results: Malnutrition in older adults is a significant concern with a high prevalence and associated factors such as functional dependence and chronic diseases. Its complications range from weakness to compromised immunity. The therapeutic approach includes a thorough assessment, customized nutritional planning, and multidisciplinary monitoring. Nursing interventions are crucial for monitoring nutritional status, educating on healthy eating habits, and coordinating comprehensive care. Conclusions: Malnutrition is a highly prevalent disease in older adults, often associated with underlying comorbidities. Early therapeutic intervention and efficient nursing interventions can reduce the potential complications in this population.

Keywords: Malnutrition, older adults, prevalence, therapeutic approach, interventions, complications, nutritional care, associated factors.