Eficacia de la inmunoterapia anti PD-1 pembrolizumab, para el cáncer de pulmón metastásico de células no pequeñas: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Pembrolizumab is an immunotherapy drug belonging to the class of immune checkpoint inhibitors. It has been used in several types of cancer, including non–small cell lung cancer, particularly in advanced stages. Objective: To characterize the efficacy of anti-PD-1 Pembrolizumab immunotherapy for non-small cell metastatic lung cancer. Methodology: A systematic review with a descriptive, comparative, and qualitative design was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The databases PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link were reviewed. Results: Ten studies were included, comprising a total sample of approximately 2,200 patients, with an average age of 65 years, mostly male. Pembrolizumab was mainly administered as a combination therapy, with positive results in terms of overall patient survival. However, the presence of adverse effects resulted in high rates and being omnipresent in all studies, as well as severe adverse effects. The most common were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Conclusions: The use of pembrolizumab demonstrated advantages over the other comparative drugs, although these were not statistically significant in all cases. The visible adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, anemia, constipation, and diarrhea. Keywords: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary neoplasms, immunosuppression therapy