Factores psicosociales que intervienen en la alopecia areata. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Alopecia areata is characterized as a non-scarring autoimmune disease affecting hair follicles, leading to hair loss in the scalp or body. Its global prevalence is 5%, occurring at any age, but predominantly in young populations. Psychological, genetic, and environmental factors influence its development, including genetic predisposition, viral infections, hormonal changes, and psychological factors like anxiety and stress. Clinical manifestations include hair loss, forming circular or oval patches, and nail lesions. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify the psychological and social factors influencing alopecia areata to answer the question: “What are the psychosocial factors that influence alopecia areata?” Methods: Information from articles and relevant documents found in bibliographic search engines—PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, and Scopus—will be analyzed, and their selection process will be based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additionally, translation tools such as DeepL and bibliographic management tools like Zotero will be utilized for this project. Results: Psychosocial factors affecting alopecia areata were analyzed and identified. Based on this, the clinical manifestations in patients with this condition were described, and the scientific evidence from the studies was validated. Conclusions: Alopecia areata is a complex autoimmune condition influenced by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Emotional stress plays a significant role in its development and progression, exacerbating the autoimmune response and compromising the health and well-being of patients. Keywords: alopecia areata, psychological factors, social factors, dermatological disorders