Abordajes psicoterapéuticos de trastornos depresivos en adolescentes.

Abstract

Depression is recognized as one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide among adolescents, leading to unfortunate consequences, such as social and academic deterioration and high suicide rates. Therefore, it was necessary to explore appropriate therapeutic treatments for this condition through a descriptive literature review in indexed journals such as Elseiver, Web of Science, Mendeley, PubMed, among others. For this study, the following keywords were used: adolescents, depressive disorder, psychotherapeutic intervention, stages of development, and depressive symptoms. During the stages of adolescent development, they undergo changes that generate vulnerability to the onset of potential mental disorders like depression. The characteristics of depressive disorder were also evaluated, including suicidal ideation or planning, academic failure, low self-esteem, among others. Irritability emerged as a prominent symptom in the diagnosis of adolescent depression. In conclusion, the most effective therapeutic treatment for this problem was identified as interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral therapy, according to the study findings.