Obesidad en el embarazo

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a significant health concern, especially during pregnancy; in 2016, it was established as the second principal cause of death in Latin America, with a worldwide prevalence of 5-10% of annual pregnancies. It is associated with chronic metabolic pathologies since they are a risk to health due to hormonal, anatomical, and physiological changes. Objective: To define the theoretical framework of obesity in maternity. Methods: An integrative literature review will use a qualitative approach with a descriptive link and non-experimental design. Results: Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by weight gain leading to health comorbidities; therefore, it is identified as a risk factor in pregnancy, with the highest prevalence in the Coastal region of Ecuador at 52.61 %. Conclusions: Obesity during pregnancy involves hormonal changes, adipokine production, and inflammation markers produced and secreted by adipose tissue, leading to various health risks. These risks include obstetric complications for the mother and the fetus during childbirth.