Eficacia de la reversión temprana versus convencional en pacientes con ileostomía. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

An ileostomy is a surgical procedure that is performed relatively frequently; however, it poses a public health problem due to its high prevalence of adverse reactions. Early reversal of ileostomy has become an appealing method in recent years because of the benefits it can provide to both patients and physicians. Therefore, efforts have been made to describe the efficacy of early versus conventional ileostomy reversal. Most studies focused on ileostomy as a cornerstone of rectal cancer treatment after a mesorectal excision. The results did not show a statistically significant difference in overall morbidity experienced by patients after early reversal. However, statistically significant differences that may support this novel technique were observed when evaluating specific aspects of morbidity following early ileostomy rehabilitation, such as rates of small bowel obstruction and improvements in quality of life. Despite this, some studies do not recommend its use due to a higher incidence of adverse effects. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct an individualized assessment considering the clinical and psychosocial factors of the patient before deciding the optimal timing for ileostomy rehabilitation. These findings are important as they allow for the exploration of the viability of early reversal and suggest that further studies should be conducted on the topic to clarify the optimal timing for closure.