Eficacia de la estimulación magnética transcraneal en adolescentes con autismo: Una revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that originates in early childhood and affects key areas of an individual’s life, including academic, social, and personal aspects. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a non-invasive technique with therapeutic potential for this population. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of TMS in adolescents with ASD through a descriptive literature review. The studies included in this research were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection criteria focused on adolescents diagnosed with ASD and treated with TMS according to various protocols. The findings of the reviewed studies revealed several benefits of TMS, including reduction in irritability, repetitive behaviors, and stereotypies, as well as improvements in emotional self-regulation, cognitive flexibility, social skills, and sustained attention. Despite these promising results, the evidence remains preliminary; therefore, the efficacy of TMS cannot yet be considered fully established, as limitations including small sample sizes, lack of protocol homogeneity, and the absence of controlled clinical trials with placebo groups restrict the evidence, positioning current findings as preliminary and limited.