La depresión como un factor predisponente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en la adolescencia .

Abstract

Introduction. Adolescence is a time of remarkable physiological, social, and psychological transformations, generating levels of stress and anxiety that increase exposure to mental health difficulties, such as depression. In an attempt to mitigate these overwhelming feelings, some young people use various substances, including drugs and alcohol. Objective. This study aims to analyze depression as a predisposing factor to the use of psychoactive substances in adolescence in Latin American countries. Methodology. A descriptive qualitative literature review was conducted, focusing on the relationship between depression and substance use in Latin American adolescents. Scientific research from the last five years with high methodological quality was used. Results. The findings point to a correlation between depression and psychoactive substance use. Approximately 30% of adolescents with depression have experimented with substances such as alcohol and cannabis, with alcohol consumption being more prevalent, starting at ages between 13 and 15 years. Likewise, consumption of marijuana is observed between 14 and 16 years of age. Conclusion. The analysis of the studies reveals that depression in Latin American adolescents increases the probability of resorting to the use of psychoactive substances as a mechanism to cope with discomfort and temporarily alter their mood. This behavior provides a transitory sense of calm, thus highlighting the complexity of this interaction and the establishment of a harmful cycle of substance use as a way of dealing with depression.