Infertilidad como complicación de la endometriosis

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is mainly a disease that causes pelvic pain characterized by presenting endometrial cells externally of the uterine cavity or its annexes and rarely may be in external structures, causing inflammatory processes, anatomical and hormonal alterations that hinder fertility according to the progression of the disease. Objective: To determine the most relevant information about infertility as a complication of endometriosis. Methods: The search was conducted in different reliable databases such as Cochrane, PubMed Medline, Scielo, and Elsevier, among others, in addition to the Google Scholar search, thus managing to find information related to the subject, including articles from the last five years, which help to link these pathologies. Results: The primary relationship in terms of pathophysiology is due to the inflammatory process that causes different cells to produce oxidative stress causing either fibrosis directly in the uterus or, in turn, causing a decrease in the quality of oocytes, even altering the sperm, preventing proper fertilization. It is clear that the fertility level depends on the disease’s stage, thus being directly proportional, and that will depend on whether a spontaneous pregnancy can be generated or assisted reproduction techniques will be used. Conclusions: There is a relationship between endometriosis and infertility due to factors such as anatomy change. The immunological process prevents the correct interaction between gametes and the alteration of ovarian function.