Epidemiología de la hipomineralización incisivo molar (HIM) en niños entre 6-12 años en Latinoamérica. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative defect characterized by the deficient formation of tooth enamel during tooth development, mainly affecting permanent incisors and molars. Objective: To collect and analyze as much information as possible on the epidemiology of molar incisor hypomineralisation in children aged 6-12 years in Latin America through a literature review. The aim was to provide relevant information on its prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in different digital databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. One hundred fifty open-access articles from the last ten years were obtained and assessed for inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included articles on descriptive studies, literature reviews, analytical research, and case reports, where they mentioned molar incisor hypomineralisation, its etiology, factors, causes, and prevalence in children aged 6-12 years. Keywords such as "Hypomineralisation," "molar," "epidemiology," and "Latin America" were employed. Finally, 35 articles and three thesis research papers were selected, providing relevant information on the prevalence of MIH in South American countries. Conclusion: MIH represents a significant issue in oral health, with substantial evidence in certain Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, and others. Furthermore, there is a correlation between environmental, genetic, and systemic factors in the development of MIH.