Intervención de enfermería en pacientes con cirrosis hepática a nivel de Latinoamérica

Abstract

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is a liver disease characterized by the formation of abnormal fibrous tissue causing multiple complications. Objective: To describe the nursing intervention in patients with liver cirrhosis in Latin America. Methodology: It is bibliographic research of narrative type; it was carried out through a review of scientific articles in databases such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Pubmed, Redalyc, Science Direct, Medigraphic, and Scielo, considering inclusion criteria as researches with less than 5 years of publication, in different languages corresponding to Latin American countries, using descriptors related to health such as DeCs and MeSH, articulated through Boolean operators AND and OR. The research is made up of a total of 51 articles, 44 of which are field articles and 7 of which are literature reviews. Results: it was determined that liver cirrhosis is more prevalent in the male sex with an age range of 60 to 80 years, the main associated factor being alcohol consumption with 63%; the most common therapeutic approach is liver transplantation; however, according to the severity, drugs are also used; among the most frequent complications are ascites and bacteremia; the most common nursing interventions are sodium intake control and monitoring of water and electrolyte balance. Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis occurs mostly in men with a history of alcohol intake and triggers several complications; it is currently considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide.