Prevalencia, factores asociados de ansiedad preoperatoria y necesidad de información en adultos del Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo de Azogues, junio a agosto 2024.

Abstract

Introduction: Preoperative anxiety is an emotional condition affecting 50% to 75% of patients prior to surgery, with clinical manifestations such as tachycardia and hypertension, among others. These manifestations can affect the viability of the surgical procedure as well as post-surgical recovery outcomes. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of preoperative anxiety, along with the need for information, among adults at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in Azogues, Ecuador, from June to August 2024. Methodology: This is a quantitative, non-experimental study with a correlational-analytical scope and a cross-sectional design. It was conducted at Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital in the city of Azogues, applied to a non-probabilistic, convenience-based infinite population in the preoperative ward, with a sample of 209 adults aged 20–64 years. The “Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)” and the “American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA PS)” were used. Data were processed using SPSS v.21 for subsequent interpretation. Expected Results: The study determined that 79% of patients experienced preoperative anxiety, which was more common in men. This situation was particularly evident in those who underwent major surgeries (85%) and received general anesthesia (85%). The need for preoperative information emerged as a determining factor, with 71% of participants reporting high levels of this need, which showed a significant association with anxiety (p < 0.05). Keywords: preoperative anxiety, APAIS, information